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Bloom

Fine crystals connected to form a network which can have a waxy, cloudy or powdery appearance, and sometimes appearing as a loose crust or bluish film, on the surface of paint or varnish.

Related terms

Crystalline Bloom
Crystalline Particles
Blooming

COMMENT: COMMENT: Bloom is formed by the deposit of salt crystals on the surface which are not stuck to the surface and can easily be removed. For paint it is caused by the exudation of organic salts formed by reactions of the oils components with pigments or driers and atmospheric pollutants such as ammonium sulphate, under damp and changeable weather conditions. For varnish it may be caused by trapped or condensed moisture often due to varnish application in humid conditions, or due to wax-based media. The most commonly found salts in bloom are sulphates, but carbonates, chlorides of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and iron can also be found.

Literature

Keune K., Boevé Jones G., Its surreal: Zinc oxide degradation and misperceptions in Salvador Dalí's Couple with Clouds in their Heads, 1936, 2014, in: Issues in Contemporary Oil Paint, pp 283-294

Brommelle N.S. , Bloom in Varnished Paintings, 1956, in: Museums Journal vol. 55 nr.10, pp 263-266

Singer B., Devenport J., Wise D. , Examination of Blooming Problems in a Collection of Unvarnished Oil Paintings, 1995, in: The Conservator, Vol. 19, pp 3-9

Williams S.R., Blooms, Blushes, Transferred Images and Mouldy Surfaces: What are these Distracting Accretions on Art Works?, 1989, in:  Proceedings of the 14th Annual IIC-CG Conference May 27-30, 1988, Toronto., pp 65-85

Puglieri T.S., Lavezzo A.S., dos Santos I.F.S., de Faria D.L.A., Investigation on the hazing of a Brazilian contemporary painting, 2016, in: Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy vol. 159, pp 117-122

Bloei

Een netwerk van fijne kristallen dat een wasachtige, melkachtige, of poeder-achtige uitstraling kan hebben, en soms eruit ziet als een losse korst of blauwige waas op de verf of vernis.

Opmerking: Bloei wordt veroorzaakt door zoutkristallen die op het oppervlak zijn gekomen, niet vast zitten en makkelijk te verwijderen zijn. Bij verf wordt het veroorzaakt door de afscheiding van organische zouten die gevormd worden door reacties van olie-componenten met pigmenten en drogers en luchtvervuilingsstoffen zoals ammoniumsulfaat, onder vochtige condities. Voor vernis kan het veroorzaakt worden door gevangen of gecondenseerd vocht vaak veroorzaakt door het vernissen in condities met hoge luchtvochtigheid of door was toevoegingen aan vernis. De meest voorkomende zouten in bloei zijn sulfaten, maar carbonaten, natrium chloriden, kalium, magnesium, calcium en ijzer kunnen ook voorkomen.

Literatuur

Keune K., Boevé Jones G., Its surreal: Zinc oxide degradation and misperceptions in Salvador Dalí's Couple with Clouds in their Heads, 1936, 2014, in: Issues in Contemporary Oil Paint, pp 283-294

Brommelle N.S. , Bloom in Varnished Paintings, 1956, in: Museums Journal vol. 55 nr.10, pp 263-266

Singer B., Devenport J., Wise D. , Examination of Blooming Problems in a Collection of Unvarnished Oil Paintings, 1995, in: The Conservator, Vol. 19, pp 3-9

Williams S.R., Blooms, Blushes, Transferred Images and Mouldy Surfaces: What are these Distracting Accretions on Art Works?, 1989, in:  Proceedings of the 14th Annual IIC-CG Conference May 27-30, 1988, Toronto., pp 65-85

Puglieri T.S., Lavezzo A.S., dos Santos I.F.S., de Faria D.L.A., Investigation on the hazing of a Brazilian contemporary painting, 2016, in: Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy vol. 159, pp 117-122